Abstract:
ملخصالدراسة :
شهدت الجزائرخلالالقرنالتاسععشرسلسلةمنالمقاوماتالشعبيةالتياندلعتعقبالاحتلالالفرنسيسنة 1830م،وقدمثلتهذهالمقاوماتردفعلطبيعيلرفضالوجودالاستعماريوالدفاععنالسيادةالوطنية والهوية الدينيةوالثقافيةللشعبالجزائري،حيثتميزتهذهالمرحلة بتلاحمالقبائلوالزواياوالقياداتالمحليةفي مواجهةالسياسةالاستعماريةالتياعتمدتعلىالتوسعالعسكريومصادرةالأراضيواخضاعالسكانبالقوة،ومنأبرزهامقاومةالامير عبدالقادرالتيتميزتبالتنظيمالسياسيوالعسكريالىجانبمقاومةأحمدباي، وثورةالزعاطشةوثورة المقراني والشيخ الحداد.
وقدارتبطتهذهالمقاوماتبجملةمنالعواملالسياسيةوالاقتصادية والدينية أهمهارفضالسيطرة الدينية
وسياسةالتوسعالاستيطانيوفرضالضرائبوالاستيلاءعلىالأرضيالزراعية،فضلاعنمحاولاتطمس مقوماتالهوية الوطنية،ورغمالتفوقالعسكريالفرنسيوماتعرضتله هذه الثورات من قمع دموي فإنها أسهمت فيترسيخروحالمقاومةوالحفاظعلىالشخصيةالوطنيةالجزائرية،كماشكلتامتدادانضاليامهدلظهور الحركةالوطنية الجزائرية ثماندلاعالثورةالتحريريةالكبرىسنة 1954م.
Study summary
During the nineteenth century, Algeria witnessed a series of popular resistance movements that erupted following the French occupation in 1830 AD. These resistance movements represented a natural reaction to the rejection of the colonial presence and the defense of national sovereignty and the religious and cultural identity of the Algerian people. This stage was characterized by the cohesion of the tribes, zawiyas, and local leaders in the face of the colonial policy that relied on military expansion, confiscation of lands, and subjugation of the population by force. Among the most prominent of these resistance movements were the resistance of Emir Abdelkader, which was characterized by political and military organization, along with the resistance of Ahmed Bey, the Zaatcha Revolution, the Mokrani Revolution, and Sheikh H These resistance movements were linked to a number of political, economic and religious factors, the most important of which were the rejection of foreign control, the policy of settlement expansion, the imposition of taxes and the seizure of agricultural lands, as well as attempts to obliterate the foundations of national identity. Despite the French military superiority and the bloody repression to which these revolutions were subjected, they contributed to consolidating the spirit of resistance and preserving the Algerian national character. They also formed a struggle extension that paved the way for the emergence of the Algerian national movement and then the outbreak of the great liberation revolution in 1954.addad.
