دور المؤسسات الدينية في المقاومات الوطنية 1830 -1870 في الجزائر

Abstract

يهخص انذراسح : ُؼزض حُٔئٓٔخص حُي٣٘٤ش ك٢ حُـِحثَ ٓخ ر٤ ٖ1830ٝ 1870 ىٝ ًٍح أٓخٓ٤ًخ ك٢ ىػْ ٝطٞؿ٤ٚ ٗ ٌّ حُِٝح٣خ ٝحُطَم حُٜٞك٤ش ٝحُٔٔخؿي حُٔوخٝٓش حُٞ١٘٤ش ٟي ح٫ٓظؼٔخٍ حُلَٗٔ٢ ،ك٤غ ِض َٓحًِ ُِظؼزجش حَُٝك٤ش ٝحُلٌَ٣ش، ٝأْٜٓ حُؼِٔخء ك٢ رغ حُٞػ٢ حُي٣٘٢ٝ حُٞ١٘٢ ر٤ٛ ٖلٞف حُ٘ؼذ. ٝهي طـِ٠ٌٛ ح حُيٍٝ ٖٓ ه٬ ٍىػْ ٝٓٔخٗيس حُؼي٣ي ٖٓ حُؼٍٞحص، أرَُٛخ ٓوخٝٓش ح٧ٓ٤ َػزي حُوخىٍ حٌُ١ً خٕ ٍؿَ ى٣ٞٛٝ ٖك٢ٝ ،حٓظ٘ي اُ٠ حَُ٘ػ٤ش حُي٣٘٤ش ك٢ كًَظٚ حُـٜخى٣ش حُٔ٘ظٔش، ك٤غ أهخّ ىُٝش ًحص أْٓ ى٣٘٤ش ٝط٘ظ٤ ْاىحٍ١ٓ لٌْ ريػْ ٖٓ حُِٝح٣خ. ًٔخ هخى أكٔي رخ١ٓ وخٝٓش َٗٓش ك٢ حَُ٘م حُـِحثَ١ٓ ،ؼظٔيًح ػِ٠ حُٞ٫ء حُ٘ؼز٢ٝ حُيػْ حٌُ١ خٙ طِو ٖٓ ٍؿخٍ حُي٣ ٖحٌُ٣ٍ ٖأٝح ك٤ ٚحٓظَٔح ًٍح ُِِٔطش حَُ٘ػ٤ش ٟي ح٫كظ٬ٝ .ٍك٢٘ٓ طوش ّ حُوزخثَ، ًخٗض حُِٝح٣خ حُٜٞك٤ش ًًَِٓح أٓخٓ٤ًخ ك٢ طؤ٤١ َػٍٞس ٫ُش كخ١ٔش َٗٔٞٓ ٝرٞرـِش، ك٤غ ػٔ٬ٓ ؼًخ ػِ٠ طٞك٤ي حُوزخثَ ٝطٞؿ٤ ٚحُٔوخٝٓش حُِٔٔلش، ٝهي ٗخُض ٫ُش كخ١ٔش ىػ ًٔخ ًز٤ًَ ح ٖٓ ٓ٘خ٣ن حُطَم حُٜٞك٤ش ُٔخ ػَف ػٜ٘خ ٖٓ طوٟٞ ٍٝٝع ٝٗـخػش، ٓٔخ ؿؼِٜخ ًٍِٓح ٍٕ ٝحكي. ٝهي أىٍى ح٫ٓظؼٔخٍ ٌٛح حُيٍٝ حُل٤ٞ١ُِٔ ئٓٔخص حُي٣٘٤ش، كٔؼ٠ ى٣٘٤ًخ ٝٝ١٘٤ًخ ك٢ آ اُ٠ طو٤٤يٛخ رَٔحهزش حُِٝح٣خ، ٝاؿ٬م رؼ٠ٜخ، ٝكَٝ ٍهخرش ػِ٠ حُظؼِ٤ ْحُي٣٘٢ ،ا٫ إٔ ٌٛٙ حُٔئٓٔخص رو٤ض ٛخٓيس ٝأٜٓٔض رلخػِ٤ش ك٢ حُللخظ ػِ٠ حُٜٞ٣ش حُي٣٘٤ش ٝحُؼوخك٤ش ُِ٘ؼذ حُـِحثَ١ٝ ،ك٢ طؼِ٣ ِاٍحىس حُٔوخٝٓش ٤١ِش ٌٛٙ حَُٔكِش حُلخٓٔش ٖٓ طخٍ٣ن حُـِحثَ . يهخص انذراسح 99 Abstract: This study explores the pivotal role played by religious institutions in Algeria between 1830 and 1870 in supporting and directing national resistance against French colonialism. Through a historical-analytical approach, the research highlights how zawiyas, Sufi brotherhoods, and mosques functioned as key centers for spiritual and intellectual mobilization. Religious scholars actively contributed to fostering both national and religious consciousness among the population. The study particularly examines the support provided by these institutions to major resistance movements, notably those led by Emir Abdelkader in the west, Ahmed Bey in the east, and Lalla Fatma N’Soumer and Bou Baghla in Kabylia. It demonstrates how religious legitimacy and spiritual leadership were harnessed to unite the people and organize armed struggle. The findings indicate that despite colonial efforts to restrict their influence—through surveillance, closures, and control over religious education—religious institutions remained resilient. They played a vital role in preserving Algerian cultural and religious identity and in reinforcing the spirit of resistance during a crucial phase of the country's history